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Federal Reserve System The Multiplier Effect

The Federal Reserve utilize open market tasks to control momentary loan costs, which is the chief instrument of fiscal arrangement. The Federal Open Market Committee all the time declares the government finances rate targets, and they reflect rates for interbank loaning (FOMC, 2009).Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Federal Reserve System: The Multiplier Effect explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is liable for keeping up loan costs at proper levels and reasonable flexibly of cash to guarantee stable monetary development. It was concurred by the Federal Reserve advisory group, as affirmed on public statement dated December 16 2009, to obtain contract security worth $1.25 and obligation of $175 billion. FOMC through a press articulation consented to consistently lessen Fed security buying rate to encourage smooth changeover. The Fund pace of 0 to  ¼ % was to be kept up. The explanation behind this strategy was on the grounds that the monetary re cuperation was proceeding, however at a rate that was deficient to realize a critical improvement in the work economic situations. Family unit spending expanded however stayed curbed by raising joblessness rates, slow development in profit, costly lodging, and expensive credit. While spending on business stock was expanding, fixed resource speculation was at insignificant rates. Managers were reluctant to increment employees’ compensations. The lodging segment was looked by Depression. This sealed the downturn was blurring endlessly however its belongings would be seen for a while. High hold necessities lead to tight gracefully of cash causing low multiplier impact. Then again, lower save necessity prompts more cash in the economy in this manner more multiplier impact. To guarantee increment of cash flexibly in the economy, FOMC chose limited acquisition of its protections. The lower finance rate would cause a critical decline in joblessness (or increment in swelling at a gen tle level), and a higher multiplier impact. The outcomes of this approach are that it would prompt more cash flexibly in the economy which will empower fulfillment of monetary steadiness and financial development at the ideal level. This is on the grounds that, the organizations would be a situation to loan from banks at a lower rate and put resources into fixed ventures. This outcomes to more business’ extension prompting greater efficiency, expanded pay rates on representatives and more occupation advertise. Subsequently, house securing and spending by family units would increment because of more grounded work advertise, higher salary development, and higher lodging riches and straightforwardness accessibility of credit. This would at last reason higher multiplier impact, business’ development and consequently more incomes to the legislature. All the more things being what they are, the board of trustees support on contract loaning would to a great extent improve lod ging part, hence propelling the expectations for everyday comforts of people.Advertising Looking for paper on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Allan, (2009) contended that if the Fed feared swelling, would not expand the money related base. This would result to turn down in the powerful cash multiplier. This would subsequently prompt a high decrease in the cash flexibly. An enormous collapse would result making a circumstance of genuine misery. Consequently, the diminishing in the cash multiplier was thus liable to be much higher. Regular, the Federal Reserve takes part in Open market tasks. Its application implied that there would be controlled pace of premium and cash available for use, henceforth encouraging higher multiplier impact. At the point when they required expanding flexibly of cash, they purchase more protections from banks and expanded supports rate. At the point when they required d ecreasing the cash gracefully, it offers protections to the banks and expanded the reserve rate. This guarantees expansion rate is controlled at an appropriate level for a wellbeing economy. Reference Allan H. M, (2009). A History of the Federal Reserve. â€Å"Board of the Governors of the Federal Reserve System†, (2009). Press Releaseâ€FOMC statementâ€December 16, 2009.. This exposition on Federal Reserve System: The Multiplier Effect was composed and presented by client Haylie Olson to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; notwithstanding, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Dearborn

Dearborn Dearborn, city (1990 pop. 89,286), Wayne co., SE Mich., on the River Rouge, adjoining Detroit; settled 1795, consolidated with the city of Fordson in 1928, inc. as a city 1929. Dearborn is the headquarters of the Ford Motor Company, and the city's economy is dominated by the automobile industry; manufacturing as well as research and development are important. Also residential, Dearborn now has a sizable Arab American population. Fairlane Town Center, one of the nation's largest shopping centers, is there. The city is home to the Henry Ford, which includes the Henry Ford Museum, Greenfield Village (a noted museum of American history and architecture, with the birthplace of Henry Ford ), and a business and history research center; and to the Arab American National Museum. Ford's estate, Fair Lane, is a national historic landmark and part of the Univ. of Michigan's Dearborn campus. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

The Effects of Teen Pregnancy on Children - 1555 Words

Children from homes run by teenage mothers have to face almost insurmountable obstacles in life. The incidents of depression and mental health problems, the lack of father figures, and the high rate of poverty often connected to children in homes run by teenage mothers put them at serious disadvantages when compared to children raised in nuclear families. Many people believe that the implementation of sex education in schools and the addition of more federal aid for single parents are major causes for the countrys high rate of teen pregnancies. When the true purpose of sex education and federal aid is to help strengthen the mother and her child so that they can eventually lead productive lives. brbrThe absence of a father figure in†¦show more content†¦These mothers are only able to give their children the bare minimum for survival. I see this first hand because a lot of people I know currently have Medicaid insurance or at least receive a generous amount of financial aid fr om the government to attend college here at Aquinas. There are a lot of people who attend colleges all over the country thanks to financial aid and grants. Government aid is good and people who are in need deserve to receive it. After all it is the governments duty to ensure its people the right to pursue happiness. People should not be denied the chance to get health insurance, financial aid for tuition, decent housing and suitable food to eat because they are poor. brbrIt seems unfair that these children have to suffer for the mistakes of their parents. Children raised by teenage parents are brought into a highly competitive world where they start life at a handicap. These children are automatically placed in the lower class. This is a powerful term because it encompasses every aspect of these childrens lives. From the rat-infested housing where they live to the poorly equipped schools that they attend. Low class is the word that describes their lives and their potential to become productive citizens. brbrMost working mothers who have had children too early are not qualified to get high paying jobs; therefore they must support their families with minimum wages and the little bit ofShow MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy And Its Effect On Children855 Words   |  4 PagesTeen pregnancy has been an ongoing social issue in the United States for many of years. Although the rate of teen pregnancy has decreased since the 90s, the United States is still the highest among industrialized nations. The US ranks at one and a half times higher than Great Britain, three times higher than Canada, seven times higher than Denmark and Sweden, and eight times higher than Japan (Azar 1). Society considers teenage pregnancies a problem because they believe teenagers are not emotionallyRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Its Effect On Children865 Words   |  4 Pagesdid not understand what she meant, but after my years in high school it all made sense. I, like many other teens, would gain know ledge on relationships and sexuality. In this country teen pregnancy has high increase in minorities, one of the main reasons why the population is expanding. It is through proper knowledge of sexuality and protection that female teens are able to prevent pregnancy. Coming from a family of immigrants, I have many life goals. I always enjoyed school and participated inRead MoreThe Effects Of Teen Pregnancy On Children845 Words   |  4 PagesData has shown that children who are born to teenagers are instantly placed at a higher risk of physical development, social, and behavioral problems. For instance, one-third of pregnant teens (15-19) receives no prenatal care during the first trimester of pregnancy; this number has increased to 50% for girls under 15. Most teens are still developing physically, and mentally this also means they’re much more likely to have premature babies or preterm labor. Preterm and/or low birth weight babiesRead More The Effects of Teen Pregnancy on Children Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pagesare many obstacles for children of teenage mothers to face. These children have serious disadvantages in contrast to those children who come from nuclear families. Often they lack a father figure, have a high poverty rate, and there are incidents of depression and mental health problems. Many people are blaming the sex education programs in schools and the additional federal aid being offered to single parents as major causes for the country’s high rate of teen pregnancies (Carole). Although, theRead MoreEffects Of Teen Pregnancy On Children s Reproductive System972 Words   |  4 Pagesof unplanned teen pregnancies amongst the most developed countries in the world. Approximately 750,000 teens will become p regnant this year and with the lack of resources to terminate those unwanted pregnancies more than ninety two percent of those teens will become parents before graduating high school. Plan B one step emergency contraception is now available over the counter as of August 2013 an although there has been a great debate on whether or not the open availability to teens as young as fifteenRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Teen Pregnancy1085 Words   |  5 PagesThere are different effects on teenage mothers than there is on teenage fathers. Mothers lose more friends and are looked at way differently; fathers keep most of their friends without too many people having an opinion about him. After the mother has her baby, she can’t go back to school, so she has to be put on homebound. The father can go to school, can play sports, and can have fun with his friends. Both the mother and the father have responsibility, but the mother has to do more, like work toRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy An d Teen Pregnancy1057 Words   |  5 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a common thing here in America. It seems teens are getting pregnant more than the average married couple. There are some risk factors teen moms face and there is also another great turn outs. There is a major difference between the two. It’s important to tell teens the turnouts of teen pregnancy for the good and bad parts. There are risks of having sex, teen moms can make a difference for her and the baby, the risk of having HIV and/or any other STD’s, and the effects on the babyRead MoreReflecting on Sources: An Assignment1879 Words   |  7 Pageshelp in reducing and preventing of teen pregnancy. The organization is called The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. She is influential because she has served on many advisory boards which promote the values and policies towards the prevention of teen pregnancy ADDIN EN.CITE The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy201197(The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2011a)979712The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy,Sarah Brown20111776 Massachusetts AvenueTheRead MoreThe Controversy Regarding Teenage Pregnancy: The Essential Role of Education and Good Parenting1270 Words   |  5 Pagespresently much controversy regarding teenage pregnancy and the probability of its chances being reduced by education and good parenting. The surrounding environment plays an essential role when considering teenage pregnancy and it is thus very important for teenagers to be provided with proper education and a positive environment in order for them to be able to understand the difference between right and wrong. One of the most important things about teen pregnancy is that society as a whole needs to getRead MoreCause and Effect of Teen Pregnancy1043 Words   |  4 PagesCause and effect of teen pregnancy Teenagers suffering health problems is high Many teenagers will try to hide the pregnancy from their parents and teachers, in doing this they do not get the initial medical attention required during the first months of pregnancy. It is estimated that 33% of teenage pregnancy fail to receive necessary prenatal care. The lack of prenatal care leads to increased risk of anemia, miscarriage, and high blood pressure to the teenager. Many teenagers will hide their

Technology Has Exceeded Our Humanity - 1511 Words

Technological Terror Famous mathematician, Albert Einstein once said, â€Å"It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity.† What Einstein is trying to say is that what had once made us human has vanquished into thin air with the growth of technology in our society today. The Earth is constantly in motion and so is the human race. From the beginning of our history and even our prehistory, the human race has evolved and changed the world they had been given. All they had was the greatest weapon they could find; their minds. Each individual brain cell worked hard to make a civilization that could expand and improve for generations to come. Sadly, as civilization flourished, more and more technology was developed and integrated into our daily lives.Technology is not a bad thing, but it has taken away our humanity. Our humanity is our instinct to survive and use our mind. Nowadays, people struggle to divulge into the real essence of humanity; education, the arts and c ulture, and living a healthier lifestyle. They fall prey to obesity, lack of interest in arts like theater, distraction from work, loss of religion, etc. Without technology in this world, I can broaden my spectrum of knowledge, dive into the culture and arts the world can offer, and lead a happy and healthy lifestyle. In the technological world of today, people begin to drift away from learning in school due to technology. Technology is defined as using scientific knowledge towardShow MoreRelatedTechnology Has Exceeded Our Humanity1807 Words   |  8 Pagesrather the very ideas and innovations that are often conjured up by engineers. â€Å"It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity.† – Albert Einstein. Technological advancements in the medical, industrial, and agricultural industries have expanded the carrying capacity of the earth several times over as well as lengthened the average lifespan for human beings. However, as technology advances to improve life, it also begins to create opportunities for misapplicationsRead More Effects of Technology on People Essay1182 Words   |  5 PagesDoes technology affect people or do people affect technology? Technology affects every aspect of our lives, we all use it every day with little thought. People take it for granted, sometimes knowing little about what brought that technology into existence. At the same time older generations have a hard time adopting the new technologies and continue to favor technology they are accustomed. The idea of technology is as old as the human race. To understand technology; first we need a common definitionRead MoreThe Is A New Day796 Words   |  4 Pagesdesire for automated existence, has sunk into the decadence of comfort. Alive with consumption, humanity inhabits a pushbutton technotopic paradise revolving around the InterFace. InterFace advocates implant technologies on an evolutionary, convenience, and necessity basis, where the enhancement of the human body advances communication, intensifies information absorption, and supersedes the body’s physical limitations for newfound human freedoms . The technology becomes a contemporary savior, overcomingRead MoreThe Idea of a Garden by Michael Pollan644 Words   |  3 PagesIt has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity†, these are the quotes of the famous German physicist Albert Einstein in relation to how the world has become overly reliant on technology. As a result, we have taken nature for granted while also ignoring the adverse effects of technology. The making of steam engine, the usage of fossil fuel and the creation of chlorofluorocarbon are all technologies which has benefited us greatly and are continuing to do so, but likeRead MoreHuman Population And Its Impact On The Environment921 Words   |  4 Pa gespopulations of species are limited to a specific number, called its carrying capacity, which refers to the ability of an ecosystem to support their needs. Once a population grows to the point where it extends past the limit, the environment no longer has the capacity to support them and individuals must die to stabilize the population. Humans are no exception to this rule, as their populations are constrained by such density dependent factors as the availability of food, land, and other resources. GrowthRead MoreWall-E versus Feed on Society1223 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Technological progress has merely provided us with more efficient means for going backwards† (â€Å"Brainy Quotes† 1). While this epitomizes modern time, it also represents M.T. Anderson’s Feed and Pixar’s Wall-E. Feed is a book about a dystopian society influenced by a device, called â€Å"feed†, implanted in the brains of the citizens. The author describes a group of regular teenagers that venture to the moon for a spring break vacation of partying and going â€Å"in mal†. The main character, Titus, falls forRead MoreWall-E versus Feed Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Technological progress has merely provided us with more efficient means for going backwards† (â€Å"Brainy Quotes† 1). While this epitomizes modern time, it also represents M.T. Anderson’s Feed and Pixar’s Wall-E. Feed is a book about a dystopian society influenced by a device, called â€Å"feed†, implanted in the brains of the citizens. The author describes a group of regular teenagers that venture to the moon for a spring break vacation of partying and going â€Å"in mal†. The main character, Titus, falls forRead MoreThe Flight From Conversation By Sherry Turkle1103 Words   |  5 PagesAlbert Einstein once said, †It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity†(Einstein). Everyday, techno logy is advancing at a rapid pace, improving many lives and making things more convenient. For instance, in Japan, robots have been created by researchers at the University of Tokyo to assist home chores. Although technology has made our lives better, we have lost an important part of our self: the skills necessary for human communication. In her essay, â€Å"The FlightRead MoreEssay on Impact of Technology on Society941 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology is continuously developing and has begun creating shortcuts for the American society. As a society we need to find a balance between our technological use and our everyday life. In my opinion, society has become too dependent on technology. The more advanced technology becomes, the more it seems to be gaining control over our lives. Even though technology is offering society many beneficial qualities; it also is causing many negative effects to occur. Technology is affecting society sociallyRead MoreThe Adverse Effects of Anti-Soci al Media Essay662 Words   |  3 Pagesillustrious Albert Einstein once voiced his opinion and stated that, It has become exceedingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity. Einstein’s perspicacious accomplishments have made his name equivalent to â€Å"mastermind†. Although the technology was not nearly as advanced in the early and mid-20th century, when Einstein was quoted, his words of wisdom are nevertheless remarkably relevant to the modern-day era of technology, including text messaging and social media. Cell phone and internet

Background Paper of Pirate Steel Company Free Essays

The Pirate Steel Company is in the steel producing industry that manufactures in the United States. The Pirate Steel Company sells its products in the United States and many other nations abroad. Pirate Steel was considered a leader in its industry and maintained high standards of achievement until foreign competition began to affect their profitability. We will write a custom essay sample on Background Paper of Pirate Steel Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now Though Pirate Steel has never been very cost conscience in production operations, the increases in material, labor, and other inventories has made a deep impact in Pirate Steel†s view on minimizing costs. With an increase in production costs, the selling price of the company†s manufactured goods increased as well. This increase in prices had to be closely monitored due to competition. With new regulations on production expenses, the people in production, like the foreperson and the manager, had the entire burden on them since they had to justify all repair and maintenance expenditures. With new procedures, every work order form had to be exaggerated so that it seemed necessary for repair and maintenance expenditures. Since the work order forms were exaggerated, the accountant found that these requests were filled with misleading information. All expenses were recorded properly, but an external auditor might question the fictionalized reports. The ethical dilemma of Pirate Steel Company is that the foreperson devised a strategy to get maintenance and repair orders approved by providing misleading information about the extent of the reports. The work order forms seemed to imply that new equipment was bought each time a repair was needed. With this type of fictionalized information given, the external auditors may question the accounting methods pertaining to repair and maintenance. The stakeholders in this situation are the foreperson, the accountant, customers, shareholders, management, and the executives. The foreperson was the one who initially created the plan of falsifying information about repair and maintenance needs. He did this because of fear that any job delays, due to failure of machinery, would be blamed on him. The accountant is also responsible because he must decide how he must approach this situation from an ethical standpoint. There are many options for him to choose, but only one is correct. The Utilitarian Theory emphasizes on how the consequences of an action affect the individuals involved. This is a theory of balancing negative social actions and benefits to minimize the negatives and maximize the benefits. The Utilitarian Theory would be applied as Faze approached the chief executive officer of Pirate Steel and requests that he evaluates the new cost control policy and the actions being taken with it. Faze should explain that the descriptions of the work orders should be evaluated for honesty. He should tell the CEO that if these patterns continue, it might have a negative effect on the company†s progress. The CEO should then sit with Faze and devise a more efficient plan. The Theory of Rights states that each person should be treated as fairly as possible and that others have the obligation to treat everyone equally as a sense of moral duty. The Theory of Rights could be applied in this situation allowing the accountant to overlook this minor problem because he feels that this process is the most efficient way for the company to operate. Faze must go to the production manager and let him know that the fictionalized work orders will not affect the company in the short run, but in the long run they might pose a potential loss in income due to excess expenditures in repairs and maintenance. The Theory of Justice involves equity, fairness, and impartiality. These major components are used in the way that individuals are affected by their treatment. The Theory of Justice could be applied to the situation by employees approaching the production management and demanding that the work order forms be much easier to be approved. The employees think that too much effort must be put into filling out request for repairs and maintenance. The employees also know that if their requests are not fictionalized, they will have a hard time receiving the approval for those mandatory repairs. The company should look to implement a program that will allow the employees to be able to develop the skill required to properly complete the work order forms. They should also look to perform their jobs in a way that will follow all of the rules and laws that would be applied to the situation. With these revisions in procedure, the company should be able to prepare reports with accurate information. The company will need to use a system that will allow information to be communicated fairly. The information that is included in these reports should be recorded in a way that is not intended to negatively persuade the user to get the wrong impression of the writing. These changes must be made because the company†s cost control policy is not good from an operational point of view with the requirements needed for a work order form to get approved. Faze will need to schedule a meeting between the CEO, the production manager, the accountant, and himself to be able to clearly ! illustrate the manner in which the work order forms should be completed. He would also use this opportunity to discuss any other improvements to the system that could be implemented. After this meeting, each individual could go to their respective departments and relay the message of how things have been changed. The solution to Pirate Steel†s dilemma is for Faze to maintain competence. He must keep the level of professionalism by performing the activities of the company with respect to the regulations that must be followed. The controller must also inform the production manager that the actions taken can be harmful to the company. He should maintain this level of professionalism and begin to prepare the proper reports after analyzing the information given. Faze should also develop a guide to help employees prepare reports for work orders in a responsible manner. The solution to the Pirate Steel Company†s dilemma is by Faze using objectivity. By using objectivity, Faze will be able to communicate the information fairly and unbiased. Also, the controller must disclose all information that would sway the opinion of an interested user. Disclosing this information will give all the outsiders a better understanding of all paperwork and recommendations that are presented. To show competence in the workplace, the workers must be able to continually develop skills that will improve all aspects of their job. Then they must perform all of their duties and still stay in accordance with the rules and regulations that are involved with their field, and be able to prepare reports that are accurate and honest so that they can be interpreted as they are printed. Everyone must do these things to show their reliability. One example of showing reliability is shown in this quote stated â€Å"To be reliable, information must have representational faithfulness and it must be verifiable and neutral. Accounting information may not represent faithfully what it purports to represents because it has one or both of two kinds of bias (The Accounting Review, 2000, 229).† When a worker is showing objectivity they must prove that they can communicate information in a way that others can understand it and not be persuaded to use misleading information in decision making. This quote shows an example of objectivity: â€Å"To address earnings management concerns, the NYSE, Amex, ASB, and the SEC individually adopted rules and standards focusing on the composition and activities of audit committees. Regulators hope the rules will improve the quality of financial reporting and make it harder for corporations to manipulate the data on which their reported earnings are based (Journal of Accountancy, 2000, 15).† How to cite Background Paper of Pirate Steel Company, Essay examples

Three perspectives in the organisational theory

Introduction There are three perspectives that are instrumental in the analysis of organisational theory, viz. the modernist, symbolic interpretive, and the post-modernist perspectives. The focus of this paper is the decision by McDonalds to open a new station at Tecoma Victoria, which has been met by opposition and hostility by the limited populace (2085 residents) of this small village located in the Dandenong Ranges.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Three perspectives in the organisational theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The primary objection launched by the villagers is the threat to the ranges’ tourism industry and the anticipated pollution that shall result from having such an outlet as the various customers litter the streets and pollute the environment with such waste. On the other hand, McDonalds is pushing for the establishment at Tecoma, most likely because of the hundreds of thousands of tourists that visit the area during peak seasons. Modernist Analysis Environment Modernist theorists construe the environment as an external element of the organisation so that in diagrammatic expression it would resemble the figure below: Figure 1 However, this external entity imposes constraints and restrictions on the performance of the organisation and requires compliance. Nevertheless, in most cases, scholars argue that what happens within an organisation carries more weight compared to what happens outside the same. This assertion might be true to some extent, but external environment to an organisation cannot be overlooked and thus failure to comply usually results in the risk of failure to survive. Additionally, the organisation’s structure is influenced by these external pressures, which are not usually fully understood by the organisation’s leaders albeit forming a significant motivation for the organisation’s policies (Scott 2007).Advertising L ooking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, the decision by McDonald’s to open an outlet in Tecoma indicates one such reaction to environmental factors. The possible factor in question is the lack of an avid competitor in the region especially in light of the fact that during peak seasons, hundreds of tourists flock the ranges. The three elements of modernist organisational environment include the inter-organisational network, the general environment, and the international or global environment. The inter-organisational network entails employees, suppliers, distributers, customers, and special interest groups. In the case of the Tecoma outlet decision, McDonald’s has already burnt several bridges with the local residents, who would usually form the bulk of employees and consumers. This aspect is hazardous and unwise and some major damage control is necessary for the McDonaldâ₠¬â„¢s quest to materialise (Greenwood et al. 2008). In a bid to ensure better relations, it is necessary for the McDonald’s organisation to readjust its entrance strategy into the Tecoma market. Without the goodwill of the target market segment, it would be almost impossible for McDonald’s to make a successful entry into the region. One of the possible ways it can undertake this venture is by ensuring that it regulates its pollution policy to align it with the standards established by the Tecoma residents. Since one of the primary reasons why the Tecoma residents feel that they should not have a McDonald’s restaurant in the neighbourhood is the littering that usually accompanies the organisation’s outlet locations, one way to resolve these concerns would be for McDonald’s to go green with its packaging at Tecoma (Oltedal et al. 2004). It is imperative that if they resolve the public outrage by assuring the residents of a green packaging policy, the y should ensure that they maintain the green packaging throughout their stay at Tecoma, even and especially during peak seasons when there is high demand. Additionally, McDonald’s has a Ronald McDonald’s charity program that it could use to assuage the irate citizens of Tecoma. Jones (2012) notes that corporate social responsibility programs can assuage the target population and the aforementioned charity program can play this part to the benefit of McDonald’s entry in Tecoma. Part of how it could use this strategy would be identifying the areas that Tecoma has weaknesses at and improving on the same.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Three perspectives in the organisational theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One such way is by providing the kindergarten, which is located on the opposite of the site that McDonald’s is proposing to have its outlet constructed, with nutritional meals as well as lessons. The parents of the children who attend the kindergarten are understandably concerned that a fast food restaurant is setting up shop opposite their children’s school. This concern is in light of the worrying statistics regarding obesity rates in children, especially viewed against the backdrop of the very sustainable environment at Tecoma as well as the apparently organic lifestyle that the residents there enjoy, which is the primary attraction of tourists to the area. Perhaps one way that McDonald’s could restore public trust would be to suggest to the council a proposal for having the local community establish a nutritional as well as ‘sustainability’ committee, whose primary purpose shall be oversight and coordination with the McDonald’s outlet in the area. This assertion holds because the community is clearly afraid of losing its grasp over the indigenous composition of Tecoma. On the other hand, McDonald’s has some ve ry healthy packages that the members of this healthy community could easily embrace and accept. Adam et al. (2000) note that giving people what they need is the backbone of any successful business venture. What is lacking is an open channel of communication between McDonald’s and the opinion setters in the community. However, it is important to mend the relations between these two entities, as there shall be constant interactions between the two in the process of business operations in the region. Culture The second aspect of modernist perspective that has a bearing on McDonald’s decision to set up an outlet at Tecoma has to do with culture. The Tecoma residents manifest a native spirit that is devoid of the city influence. They are homemakers and families that enjoy the native landscape instead of suburbia, which is also the primary reason why those residing in the city enjoy visits to this peaceful and serene neighbourhood. McDonald’s decision to set up an out let in the neighbourhood is not utterly repulsive if closely analysed especially in light of McDonald’s history. For instance, when McDonald’s set up base in Asia for the first time, it shifted its focus to fishy foods including fish burgers because the oriental people prefer fish to meat (McDonald’s Corporation, 2008). The same is the case with the Tecoma area.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It would suit McDonalds nicely if it came up with a strategy that matched the Tecoma kind of lifestyle and one that was a reflection of the spirit of the area. As aforementioned, connecting with and meeting the clients’ tastes and preferences form the backbone of any successful business venture. In short, it would not be beneficial to set up a shop that looks or operates in a manner that is clearly out of place (Hoffman Ventresca 2003), as such a move would make McDonald’s a social pariah and defeat the purpose of the new establishment capturing the tourist market. McDonald’s may argue that the tourists that visit the place would like to get a Mac burger is a place that is so far out of town, and whereas that may be true, it is also true that to create an establishment that is completely out of place is imprudent. Eventually, the tourists’ experience of a life out of suburbia would diminish and since McDonald’s is a pacesetter, many other city est ablishments would soon infiltrate Tecoma in their indigenous city forms and this move would destroy the native area. In a bid to avoid this chain of destruction, McDonald’s could come up with a genius idea of producing a unique product that is both environmentally and nutritionally sustainable while still being different from the local competitors (Hatch Cunliffe 2012). This aspect would mean that competition is based on an equal basis and locals do not feel like they are losing their modest means to a bully and/or a tycoon. Culture also has to do with the local culture versus the organisation’s culture. McDonald’s is originally an American organisation and this aspect means that by default, its system and structure reflect the American culture. Indications of this American culture include: a) individualistic as opposed to collectivist; b) Low power distance; c) equal masculinity versus feminity d) low uncertainty avoidance, and d) short term orientation (Brown , Gudis Moskowitz 2006). In brief, these dimensions reflect various opposites with the Tecoma culture. For instance, judging by the reaction that was depicted by the citizens over a bid to open a new outlet in the area, Tecoma indicates that it has high uncertainty avoidance, which is opposite to the McDonald’s culture of low uncertainty avoidance and clearly is one of the conflicting points (Hatch 2007). Tecoma residents are unwilling to risk having McDonald’s as a competitor in the region. One of the reasons that they cite is that McDonald’s expatriates profits back to the United States and this aspect would remove from the revenue making process enjoyed by the tourism industry. One way that McDonalds could avoid this trap would be perhaps to come up with a way of ensuring corporate social responsibility in the area as aforementioned. The tourism industry is already thriving. However, it could be better with the input of ingenious stratagem by both the locals and McDonald’s. McDonald’s has the luxury of enjoying an international presence, as some of its outlets are being located in places with similar endowments as the Tecoma area. Therefore, it could use this knowledge to build Tecoma, with the aid of the locals and thus gain trust and acceptance amongst the locals. The rest of the cultural dimensions come into play when considering the employees of McDonald’s. As indicated in the rebuttal offered by McDonald’s to the council when it was bidding for the available space, the organisation would come in handy in providing the local residents’ children with employment opportunities. This element is a strong point; however, it requires a cautious approach because the Tecoma society seems traditional to say the least and some matters may yet prove sensitive. One such matter would be that of employment ration of men versus women and another would be the power distance. The Tecoma society depicts a high power distance affiliation, which means that the majority of the residents would be more comfortable with a system with leadership hierarchies and where decision making comes from the top. However, this strategy is not a sustainable plan and McDonald’s could make this point. Additionally, the reduction of power distance might yet be the solution that McDonald’s needs to become integrated into the Tecoma society. To further explain this point, since the Tecoma society is going to need a more indigenous version of McDonald’s before it can fully accept the change, it would be better to coach the new McDonald’s on the ways of Tecoma, which means the company should use local residents to influence the society. In essence, it may turn out that the Tecoma residents feel comfortable simply because their own are working at McDonalds. Symbolic-interpretive Perspective Whereas the modernist perspective is basically explaining the cause of the decision as well as oppositi on of McDonald’s setting up shop in Tecoma, a symbolic interpretive perspective seeks to promote an understanding of both the decision and the implications. In a bid to achieve this goal, it becomes imperative to bring out the epistemological aspect of the decision, which is basically â€Å"what is known† and the go further to explain â€Å"how it is known†. In terms of the environment, Tecoma enjoys a lush rainforest climate with regular rains and moderate temperatures. This aspect means that the nature walk trails are a treasured feature among the residents of Tecoma and that is helpful in understanding the cause of the violent reaction of the locals. It is noteworthy that Tecoma has a resident population of 2085 citizens. Most of these are families and they have their source of income set up in the area in its close knit structure and it is thus understandable that they would feel threatened when a major player like McDonald’s comes knocking on their d oorstep and this aspect explains why they have fought McDonald’s from the beginning. Additionally, as the council responded to the community’s petition to appeal the decision at the Supreme Court indicating that they did not have adequate means to sustain such an appeal, the local governance is not too wealthy in terms of resources. This realisation means that Tecoma is a small town with people who know each other and who share the same values and at least the aversion to city life. It follows that from this kind of orientation, the citizens would have difficulty adjusting to the prospects of city players such as McDonald’s. They would correctly argue that besides during the peak seasons when the tourists visit the area, McDonald’s has no justification to stay on continuously. Moreover, the fact that McDonalds is not a local organisation, meaning that the profits that are made from the sale of fast foods to tourists shall repatriate back to the home count ry, the United States of America, is another thorn in the flesh. Another cause of dissatisfaction and contention, which bears most weight, is the matter of pollution, in other words, sustainability of the environment. McDonald’s throughout Australia and the world are known for their packaging and since they cannot control what the various consumers do with the wrappings of the meal, and thus they cannot guarantee 100 percent no littering. They may state that they shall come up with a garbage collection plan to ensure that they collect any of the waste that is directly sourced from their outlet, or that they shall use paper, which is organic and thus friendly. However, none of these solutions shall remain adequate for the Tecoma residents who have until McDonald’s entry enjoyed a clean and litter free environment. It follows that the possible solution that McDonald’s can offer does not lie in the garbage plan, but in a different sector that may somehow cover the eyes of the Tecoma residents. The question is answered in yet another problem and that is the nutritional hazard that is posed by McDonald’s. McDonald’s is a fast food restaurant and with the term ‘fast food’ these days comes the associated fear of obesity, which now is an epidemic in the United States, thanks to fast foods such as McDonald’s. This aspect may seem like a paltry concern of the residents, but it is probably at the root of their opposition. Opposite the site where McDonalds wants to set up shop is a kindergarten school where most of the residents’ children go to school. In a bid to settle the fears of childhood obesity, McDonald’s would do well to come up with a healthy menu to market to the children as well as nutritional lessons to offer to the schools around, perhaps as part of the corporate social responsibility. In every challenge there lies an opportunity and McDonald’s should perhaps focus on the opportunity and make the best out of it. However, it is also noteworthy that this suggested solution is based on other research that has proved successful in other areas and that herein lays the risk of overgeneralisations, meaning that the researcher could be assuming (wrongly) that the other research is applicable to Tecoma. It is also risky that the suggestions could be mistaken from personal subjective experiences based on the data collected from the media reports of the Tecoma incidents. These are the risks that are attached to the symbolic interpretative perspective and they could be at play in this particular analysis as well. The Postmodernist Perspective The modernist analysis of the McDonald’s decision to open a new outlet in Tecoma is based on two primary core assumptions. First is the notion that the decision was probably made by those in management without any consultation with those in lower ranks such as the various employees who would be posted to Tecoma or with the Teco ma council to avoid the backlash that the McDonald’s organisation is currently suffering from its potential stakeholders. Secondly is the modernist idea that uncertainty is not desirable, as this is the presumption that has caused the opposition by Tecoma residents. In a bid to deconstruct these assumptions in order to provide a critique, which would lead to a better appreciation of the decision by McDonald’s, would require a shift in thinking. For instance, instead of looking at change as an undesirable aspect, the Tecoma residents could choose to look at this notion as a thrill. The same applies to McDonald’s. As proposed in the modernist perspective, perhaps the solution to the opposition lies in the changing of McDonald’s modus operandi, and whereas on the face of it this may seem like a risky idea, it is in fact a genius idea. To further explore the issue, the idea of suiting up McDonald’s as a local Tecoma outlet would for instance include a face lift. Contemporary McDonald’s outlets have an urban look towards them and this aspect is part of the brand identity. It is understandable that the organisation would at first balk at the thought of having their outlet designed in an outlandish manner. However, if the organisation would like to be welcome at Tecoma, part of the price it would have to pay would be to be as the residents. This move would refer to both the physical external design as well as the structural design. As indicated above, Tecoma is a place where people go to escape the hectic life of suburbia. It follows that each year, during peak seasons, hundreds of thousands of tourists flood Tecoma to enjoy the simple livelihoods of the residents in the place, which includes nature walks through Tecoma’s rainforests and other sightseeing activities. McDonald’s is also interested in attracting these tourists to its outlet, which is why it targeted Tecoma in the first place. Consequently, it defe ats the purpose of the context if it were to set up shop in the traditional style of all McDonald’s outlets across the world. Firstly, it would be repulsive to the tourist who just left the suburbs to find an identical McDonald’s outlet at the place where they went to seek refuge from the hustle and bustle of suburbia. This aspect would remove from the feeling and wholesomeness of Tecoma and would eventually lead to the cropping up of other suburb stores. In no time at all, Tecoma would be just another town. However, if McDonald’s were to take a different approach and put on a traditional outfit to help it stay camouflaged in the face of the simplicity of Tecoma, the residents would not be too opposed to having it there. The second modernist aspect of the decision is the lack of consultation with the relevant stakeholders before the formulation of the game plan. With proper consultation and preparation, McDonald’s entry into Tecoma would have been unimped ed by all the civil action that shall now be more costly to control or assuage. The primary stakeholders being the residents of Tecoma, through the council, McDonald’s would have been in a better position if it had allowed the residents to suggest possible entry means into the market. The venue that was selected in front of the kindergarten would perhaps have been different and this aspect would have gone around the concept of nutrition with half as much resources as shall now need to be dispatched to put out the fire. In short, it would have been better to consult with the primary stakeholders before apparently bullying in its way into Tecoma. This assertion holds for although McDonald’s have had its way after VCAT found in its favour, it still has the residents of Tecoma to contend with in the process of its operations. In the end, these people shall have to be appeased in order for McDonald’s stay at Tecoma to be productive or fruitful. It is imprudent in any perspective to begin a business interaction by burning bridges with the locality wherein the business shall be based and it is not too late for McDonald’s to mend fences and make peace with the people of Tecoma. Conclusion This analysis has provided a modernist, symbolic interpretative, and finally a postmodernist perspective into the decision by McDonald’s to open a new outlet in Tecoma. Among the various theories that it has reviewed as relevant were the environmental and the culture theories of organisation under the modernist perspective. The modernist perspective sought to provide an explanation to the decision as well as the implications. The symbolic interpretive perspective sought to bring an understanding that was based on a subjective analysis of the decision and finally, the postmodernist perspective gave a critique of the modernist analysis of the decision, including its solution. Reference List Adam, B, Beck, U Van Loon 2000, The Risk Society and Beyond: Critical Issues for Social Theory, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks. Brown, E, Gudis, C Moskowitz, M 2006, Cultures of Commerce: Representation and American Business Culture, 1877-1960, Palgrave McMillan, Basingstoke. Greenwood, R, Oliver, C, Suddaby, R Sahlin, K 2008, The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism, Sage Publications, London. 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